Why does a person shock others, how to remove static electricity. Why people give electric shocks How to learn to give electric shocks with your hand

Unfortunately, despite the fact that everyone knows about the dangers of devices and wires, this still occurs quite often. The most common electrical injuries occur at work. This applies to those activities in which people work with various technical devices and wiring. In addition, you can get an electric shock at home. In most cases this concerns children. Therefore, everyone should know what to do if they get an electric shock? After all, the faster help is provided, the lower the risk of complications.

Causes of electrical injuries

Electric shock is one of the most dangerous types of injuries. If the device has high voltage and prolonged contact with the source, it can be fatal. Injury can occur due to various reasons. The most common of these is contact with a bare wire. This can happen to anyone, especially people who work with electricity. is a particularly dangerous current source. Most often, electricians come into contact with it when repairing meters, sockets, etc. In addition, you can get electrical injury from ordinary appliances that are used every day: hair dryer, kettle, mobile phone charger, microwave oven. Normally, all household appliances are not dangerous, since the wires have a protective layer. If it breaks, its integrity is compromised. This may result in exposed wires. Therefore, broken appliances must be removed and kept away from children! After all, despite the small dose of electricity, they can be dangerous to the child’s health. Another source of current is sockets.

You can get an electrical injury not only indoors, but also outdoors. Lightning is a natural source of current. When exposed to the human body, it can lead not only to burns, but also cause death.

A child was electrocuted: symptoms

Unfortunately, despite parental control, children are still exposed to electrical injuries. Most often this happens when kids try to insert their fingers or iron objects into an outlet. It is not always possible to see exactly how a child injured himself. Therefore, it is necessary to know the symptoms that will bother the baby after contact with current. First of all, these are painful sensations. Regardless of the strength and duration of contact with the exposed device, the child will get scared and start screaming. If the baby has been electrocuted in the arm, it is necessary to examine the surface of the skin. If there is local damage, "electrical signs" will be observed. They are gray or yellow spots with clear boundaries. There is pain when touching them. General electrical trauma is manifested by convulsive muscle contractions, in severe cases accompanied by loss of consciousness.

What to do if you get an electric shock: first aid

If there are signs of electrical injury, the person must be helped immediately. First, remove the source of tension from the body. Avoiding contact with electricity is the main measure. What to do if your consciousness is also electrocuted? In this case, you shouldn't panic. First you need to call an ambulance. After this, it is necessary to assess the condition of the victim. To do this, the status of vital signs is checked: pulse, blood pressure and respiration. If there are no heartbeats, it is necessary to immediately carry out these include:

1. Providing oxygen flow. You need to open the window, free your neck from tight clothing, and clean your mouth (if necessary).
2. Tilt the victim's head back and push the lower jaw forward.
3. Perform a closed heart massage: press the xiphoid process with clenched palms 30 times.
4. Cover your nose with one hand and blow air into the victim’s mouth 2 times.

These activities must be repeated until spontaneous breathing and heartbeat appear.

Eliminating the current source

You need to know that first aid for an electric shock comes down to eliminating its source. Under no circumstances should you touch the victim or the exposed wire with your hands. You can eliminate the source in the following ways:

1. Turn off the electricity.
2. Cut the wire with an axe. In this case, you need to hold it by the wooden handle.

If it is not possible to eliminate the source of electricity using these methods, you can wrap your hands in a cloth and move the victim behind his clothes.

Treatment of affected skin areas

After the basic measures have been carried out, the burn areas should be treated. Electric shock always leaves 2 marks on the body. They need to be found and washed with running water for several minutes. “Current marks” should not be treated with an antiseptic solution, as this may increase the depth of the lesion. After washing, the skin should be wrapped in a cloth soaked in cold water.

Providing specialized assistance in case of electric shock

When all the measures have been completed, the question arises: what to do if you get an electric shock and first aid does not bring results? Regardless of how the victim feels, after removing the source of electricity, you need to call an ambulance. This is especially true in cases where a person has lost consciousness. In case of severe injuries, the victim is hospitalized. The hospital provides detoxification and symptomatic therapy. For convulsive syndrome, the drug “Diazepam” is administered.

Every person at least once in his life has encountered such a concept as electrification. The briefest touch to someone - a small flash, a weak electric shock. Unruly electrified hair. Light flashes when rubbing synthetic materials. All of this is an example of the manifestation of mysterious electrification, a kind of superpower that any person can control from time to time. Some people experience this unusual phenomenon much more often than others, they are constantly shocked and try to find out the reasons for this phenomenon. Such people ask the question “I am very electrified and constantly receive electric shock, what should I do? How to eliminate this effect?

Why does a person get electrocuted?

In order to understand why a person receives an electric shock, you will have to familiarize yourself with the physics of the phenomenon.

The reason for the electrification of materials is static electricity. This concept hides a whole set of phenomena consisting in the appearance, preservation and relaxation of a free electric charge that arises in everyday life as a result of the friction of an object against an object. It is enough to carefully comb your hair, hold it in your fingers and rub pieces of synthetic fiber against each other - and behold, the intermolecular equilibrium quickly goes to hell. One part involved in friction loses an electron, and the other, on the contrary, gains one. The particles begin to move, forming oppositely charged electron layers. The resulting imbalance is called static electricity, which manifests itself in small flashes of current - sparking. This process occurs especially successfully in materials such as natural wool, fur, synthetics, paper, human hair, amber, plastic or polyethylene products. All these substances surround us in large quantities in everyday life, which is why any person is electrified to a greater or lesser extent.

Electricity has given humanity a lot of convenience and comfort. His absence is perceived by most of us almost as a tragedy. However, often the price to pay for making life easier is an electric shock. It can come your way at any moment, even if you are not in the habit of blow-drying your hair while sitting in the bath. The wire came off the washing machine when you opened it - and you have an unpleasant feeling. But much more dangerous is a high-voltage electric shock, the consequences of which often lead to death. And neither caution nor attentiveness helps. Even the most vigilant person cannot notice a broken wire, quietly sparkling in the tall grass or waiting in a puddle.

What you need to know about electric shock

First, let's define the incoming conditions. The current can be of different strengths, which depends on the applied voltage. In everyday life, if you are “jerked” by a faulty appliance, in most cases you should not expect severe consequences (unless you closed the circuit by inserting the plug into the socket). The main consequences are shock, nervous twitching that goes away on its own, and hair standing on end. However, if a person was exposed to even a weak current not for a second or two, but longer, then more serious symptoms may be observed: loss of consciousness, sweating, intermittent breathing, possibly burns at the point of contact with the conductor. For adults, this usually passes without further complications, but in the case where even a weak electric shock strikes a child, vigilance should be increased: it is difficult to predict how it will affect an immature body.

It's a different matter if you've been exposed to high voltage current. It usually forms necrotic burns, both at the point of entry of electricity and at the point of its exit. Fainting, respiratory and cardiac arrest are almost always observed. In such cases, only the prompt actions of others can help the victim survive until the arrival of medical specialists.

Strictly prohibited actions

If there is a suspicion of an electric shock (the photo is given in the article), then there is a certain range of body movements that should not be undertaken under any circumstances.

1. A ban on touching a person until it is certain that he is no longer in contact with the source.
2. Relocation of the victim is allowed only in the most extreme cases. It is not uncommon for people to break bones when they fall. Not having all the information can cause harm.
3. If there is a sparking wire, you should not come close to it. The minimum distance is 6 meters.
4. If a person is hit by a broken cable, you should not walk towards it with wide strides. A stepping arc may appear between your legs, and you will find yourself next to the rescued person in a helpless state. You need to walk shallowly, trying to keep your feet on the ground.

No matter how cynical it may sound, when helping someone who has experienced an electric shock, you must first take care of your own safety. Otherwise, you can’t help the victim, and you can harm yourself.

Mandatory actions

In particular, if residual twitching of the body is observed, you need to turn off the device in which the short circuit occurred or try to push the wire away with something wooden. If you don’t see the wire, pull the person away, but also using a dielectric: pull him by his clothes, if they are dry, put on gloves or roll him away using the same stick.

The next step is to check your breathing and heartbeat. In the absence of one or the other, start stimulating them artificially.

It is also necessary to place the victim on his back and slightly raise his legs. In this case, a person can more easily withstand an electric shock and its consequences.

If the victim is conscious, it’s a good idea to give him a drop of Valocordin, even for children, just smaller ones, maximum 2-3 drops. And plenty of warm drinks, but not coffee or alcohol. The tea is better, too weak.

In severe cases: closed cardiac massage

Even in everyday conditions, there is a chance of getting a strong electric shock. In this case, the likelihood of cardiac arrest is very high. And before the ambulance arrives, his activity needs to be stimulated. In this case, we follow this algorithm.

1. We determine the position of the person who received the electric shock. If necessary, carefully adjust: position on your back, arms and legs straight.
2. Let's stand on the left.
3. We place one palm on the lower section of the sternum so that its entire main part is at the lower end of the chest. We place the palm of the other hand on top of this palm and begin to sharply push the chest with a frequency of once per second.

The work is very hard; if possible, it is advisable to often change with a partner, otherwise the pushes will not be strong enough. Symptoms of the effectiveness of the efforts made: constriction of the pupils, the appearance of a heartbeat, increased blood pressure.

The key to salvation: artificial respiration

Even if the heartbeat continues, the spasm can temporarily paralyze breathing, and this is a common symptom that causes electric shock. What to do in this case is obvious: you need to force the person to breathe.

1. If the victim wears removable dentures, they are removed.
2. Cover the patient's mouth and nose with a napkin.
3. As much air as possible is inhaled, which is blown forcefully into the mouth (in some cases, into the nose) of the person who has lost consciousness.

In a minute you need to manage to inhale air at least 14 times. If there is also indirect cardiac massage, then after every 20-30th compression.

Additional precautions for pregnant women

Women are burdened with responsibility not only for themselves, but also for the child they are carrying. Electric shock during pregnancy is dangerous even if it seems trivial. The basic principles of assistance remain the same, but in any case, the expectant mother should consult a doctor after the lesion, even if she feels well.

So, answering the question: how to behave with a person who has just been electrocuted, the first thing that must be done is to separate the source of the current from the victim. If you do not do this, then the victim will continue to receive an electric shock, and the condition will gradually deteriorate, and besides, you yourself may receive an electric shock when touching the victim. It is necessary to pull the victim away from the power source; it is better to do this by holding him by a dry part of his clothing or wrapping his hands in a dry cloth. After the victim is isolated from the power source, you need to feel his pulse and check for breathing. The pulse can be felt best on the wrist joint on the side of the thumb. Using three fingers, press the radial artery to the bone, and with one of the fingers you will feel a pulsation. Pulsation can also be detected on the common carotid arteries, on the frontal and temporal arteries, on the arteries of the thigh, on the arteries in the popliteal cavity, on the arteries of the foot between the toes. The presence of breathing can be determined by listening directly, that is, by placing your ear to the victim’s mouth or nose, placing your hand on the chest (female type of breathing) or on the stomach (male type of breathing). If breathing is not heard and the activity of the respiratory muscles is low, then you can put a mirror, or, for example, a phone screen, to your mouth or nose; if the glass is fogged up, there is breathing. In the absence of respiratory movements and pulse, resuscitation measures must be carried out immediately. The most important measures are mechanical ventilation (artificial pulmonary ventilation) and chest compressions.

Let's start with artificial pulmonary ventilation and consider it as mechanical ventilation using the donor method. The method is not physically difficult, but psychologically difficult. It is necessary to overcome all fears in order to save a person’s life. The first thing to do is to place the patient in a supine position and first place some kind of cushion, you can even use clothing, at the level of the shoulder blades under the back and throw the victim’s head as far back as possible. Next, immediately and quickly examine the oral cavity. If a spasm of the masticatory muscles occurs, that is, the lower jaw does not drop, you need to use improvised objects: keys, a screwdriver, a stick, a pen refill, and so on. Now you must examine the victim’s oral cavity for the presence of mucus or vomit, which you must remove with your index finger, on which, for example, a handkerchief is wound. If his tongue has sunk to the roof of his mouth, then you need to turn it out with the same finger. Next, you yourself need to stand on the right side of the victim. With your left hand you hold the victim’s head and at the same time pinch the nasal passages with it. You push the lower jaw forward and upward with your right hand. Well, then we take a deep breath, and tightly clasping the victim’s mouth with our lips, we exhale. For hygienic reasons, you can cover the victim's mouth with a clean cloth.

Indirect cardiac massage. It is performed with the aim of restoring the functions of the heart to maintain its functioning and restore continuous blood flow. In our case, cardiac arrest is sudden. Signs accompanying this condition are paleness of the skin, sudden loss of consciousness, at first the pulse is threadlike, and then not palpable at all, that is, it disappears upon palpation on the carotid arteries, respiratory arrest, dilated pupils. Indirect heart massage is based on the fact that when the chest is compressed from the front, the heart itself, which is located between the spine and the sternum, is compressed, and when it is compressed, the blood accumulated in the heart is accelerated through the vessels, and when the heart is straightened, venous blood enters it. A more effective massage is one that is started slowly. The effectiveness of chest compressions can be determined by three factors: spontaneous breaths, constriction of the victim’s pupils and the appearance of pulsation in the common carotid arteries in time with the massage being performed. The hands of the person massaging must be positioned correctly (one palm rests on the xiphoid process, the other palm covers the back of the first and the fingers are raised when massaging so as not to compress the chest). Hands should be straightened during massage. The person performing the massage must stand high enough to apply pressure not only with his hands, but with his entire body. The force of pressure on the chest should be very large, so as to shift the sternum by 5 cm towards the spine. The massage should be maintained in such a way that at least 60 presses are performed per minute. If resuscitation is carried out by one person, then he should do 60 compressions per minute and 8 breaths per minute. If resuscitation is carried out by two people, then one person makes 5 presses, the other takes a powerful breath every 5 presses, and so on 12 cycles per minute. If, during artificial ventilation of the lungs, air does not enter the lungs but into the stomach, it is necessary to press on the epigastric region so that the air leaves the stomach and does not complicate resuscitation. The time for resuscitation measures to restore cardiac and respiratory function should not be less than 30 minutes before the arrival of an ambulance.